{"id":1507,"date":"2026-05-18T06:37:04","date_gmt":"2026-05-18T06:37:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hdxenergy.com\/?p=1507"},"modified":"2026-05-20T06:35:36","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T06:35:36","slug":"cach-bao-duong-va-keo-dai-tuoi-tho-cua-bo-pin-lifepo%e2%82%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hdxenergy.com\/vi\/how-to-maintain-and-extend-the-lifespan-of-lifepo4-battery-packs\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 pin LiFePO4"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pin lithium s\u1eaft photphat (LiFePO\u2084) \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn xe \u0111i\u1ec7n, xe c\u1eafm tr\u1ea1i (RV), \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u1edd t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd chu k\u1ef3 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a coban, lo\u1ea1i pin n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i pin lithium-ion kh\u00e1c<\/a>. Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng pin lithium s\u1eaft photphat to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 \u1edf m\u1ee9c 19,72 t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2025 v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean 32,92 t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2032 v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9p h\u00e0ng n\u0103m (CAGR) l\u00e0 7,591%, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y<\/a>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngay c\u1ea3 lo\u1ea1i pin c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t theo th\u1eddi gian n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1i \u0111a t\u1eebng chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ea1c v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 pin LiFePO4 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i sao pin LiFePO4 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pin LiFePO\u2084 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf suy gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y. L\u1edbp m\u00e0ng giao di\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i-\u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c (EEI) v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f2a tan s\u1eaft t\u1eeb c\u1ef1c \u00e2m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a nhanh \u1edf pin LFP; s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd chu k\u1ef3, s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n.<\/a>. Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, pin LFP\/graphite th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 suy gi\u1ea3m dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u0103ng tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f2a tan kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o LFP \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng xe bu\u00fdt hybrid trong th\u1eddi gian l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1m n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 80% xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 55% so v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u, cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/a>. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh suy gi\u1ea3m do \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i \u2014 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u00e2m \u2014 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a theo th\u1eddi gian \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c cao (SOC) g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1edbp SEI kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c SOC cao cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, trong khi nh\u1eefng pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c SOC th\u1ea5p duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n<\/a>. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Nh\u00e0<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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B\u1ea3ng 1: Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a pin LiFePO4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Tham s\u1ed1<\/th>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/th>Ghi ch\u00fa<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p danh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o<\/strong><\/td>3,2 V \u2013 3,3 V<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea7y (m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau CV)<\/strong><\/td>3,60 V \u2013 3,65 V m\u1ed7i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o<\/td>Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a BMS: 3,60\u20133,65 V<\/td><\/tr>
\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ng\u1eaft d\u00f2ng<\/strong><\/td>2,50 V m\u1ed7i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i); 2,80\u20133,00 V (gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a BMS)<\/td>Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p 2,8\u20133,0 V \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd<\/td><\/tr>
Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/strong><\/td>15\u00b0C \u2013 35\u00b0C (59\u00b0F \u2013 95\u00b0F)<\/td>T\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd chu k\u1ef3<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea3 an to\u00e0n<\/strong><\/td>\u201320\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 60\u00b0C (\u20134\u00b0F \u0111\u1ebfn 140\u00b0F)<\/td>T\u1ea1m th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t khi tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ea1c an to\u00e0n<\/strong><\/td>0\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 45\u00b0C (32\u00b0F \u2013 113\u00b0F)<\/td>S\u1ea1c pin \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 0\u00b0C c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a lithium<\/td><\/tr>
D\u00f2ng x\u1ea3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c<\/strong><\/td>\u2264 D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a BMS<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/td><\/tr>
Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/td>10\u00b0C \u2013 25\u00b0C (50\u00b0F \u2013 77\u00b0F)<\/td>Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td><\/tr>
B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/strong><\/td>50% \u2013 70% (3,2 V \u2013 3,4 V m\u1ed7i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o)<\/td>Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m<\/td><\/tr>
M\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 x\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng<\/strong><\/td>1% \u2013 3%<\/td>Pin lithium so v\u1edbi pin ch\u00ec-axit<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n: Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd pin; h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong ng\u00e0nh<\/em><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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I. Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y LiFePO\u2084: T\u1eeb ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh tu\u1ed5i theo l\u1ecbch so v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh tu\u1ed5i theo chu k\u1ef3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a theo th\u1eddi gian v\u1eabn di\u1ec5n ra ngay c\u1ea3 khi pin kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u2014 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2026 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c x\u1ea3. C\u00e1c pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c SOC 100% trong 100 ng\u00e0y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 45\u00b0C cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 sau c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ea1c x\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfp theo so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ee9c SOC 50% trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1<\/a>. S\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c x\u1ea3 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2023 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00f2ng Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00e1i t\u1ea1o Qu\u1ed1c gia (NREL) cho th\u1ea5y pin LiFePO\u2084 m\u1ea5t 121% dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 60\u00b0C, so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 1,21% \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 25\u00b0C<\/a>. M\u1ed7i khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng th\u00eam 10\u00b0C so v\u1edbi 30\u00b0C, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e3o h\u00f3a s\u1ebd t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i \u2014 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 pin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf 45\u00b0C ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd 1.200 chu k\u1ef3, trong khi \u1edf 25\u00b0C l\u00e0 3.500 chu k\u1ef3<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 h\u00f2a tan s\u1eaft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p t\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 h\u00f2a tan s\u1eaft t\u1eeb c\u1ef1c \u00e2m trong c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 s\u1ea1c-x\u1ea3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3o h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a pin LFP\/graphite. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa ion Fe\u00b2\u207a h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n (EEI) trong pin LFP\/graphite d\u1ea1ng t\u00fai hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u00ednh<\/a>. SEI bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u01a1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u2014 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp m\u00e0ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd pin.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong Second Life v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 C<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pin xe \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (SoH) \u1edf m\u1ee9c 70\u201380%, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0129nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (SoH) gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng 60%.<\/a>. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea3 (C-rate) l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 suy gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a pin trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea3 th\u1ea5p gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd chu k\u1ef3, trong khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea3 cao l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u00e3o h\u00f3a t\u1eeb c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sang h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/a>. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c x\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c 2C s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c SoH 60% sau kho\u1ea3ng 500\u2013600 chu k\u1ef3, trong khi vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea1c x\u1ea3 v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p (0,5C\/0,5C) gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00ean kho\u1ea3ng 2.000 chu k\u1ef3<\/a>. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea1c x\u1ea3 v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ee9t v\u1ee1 h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh, trong khi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ea1c x\u1ea3 v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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II. \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u x\u1ea3 (DoD): Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd pin m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

DoD c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a. Khi x\u1ea3 pin v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c 80%, c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng lithium-s\u1eaft-ph\u1ed1t ph\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc gia t\u0103ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t vi m\u00f4 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ion<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u0103m 2022 c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i L\u01b0u tr\u1eef N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00e1i t\u1ea1o cho th\u1ea5y pin LiFePO4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea1c x\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea3 50% v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 92% dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau 4.000 chu k\u1ef3, so v\u1edbi 78% \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea3 90%.<\/a>. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m DoD t\u1eeb 80% xu\u1ed1ng 50% gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd chu k\u1ef3 g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i<\/a>. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh 4.000 chu k\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c 10 n\u0103m, t\u00f9y theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng: N\u0103ng su\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m k\u00ea theo chu k\u1ef3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u chu k\u1ef3 th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00fap t\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, d\u00f9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a s\u1ed1 chu k\u1ef3 thay v\u00ec chi ph\u00ed tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i kWh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/a>. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1ee9c x\u1ea3 80% \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho pin LFP \u2014 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd chu k\u1ef3 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u1edbi dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng 80%<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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B\u1ea3ng 2: \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e2u x\u1ea3 so v\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd chu k\u1ef3 (D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a LiFePO4)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 B\u1ed9 Qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng<\/th>S\u1ed1 chu k\u1ef3 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn<\/th>T\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (MWh tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i kWh c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t)<\/th>Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd khi \u0111\u1ea1p xe h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y (N\u0103m, v\u1edbi t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t 1 l\u1ea7n\/ng\u00e0y)<\/th>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t sau 3 n\u0103m<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
20%<\/td>20,000+<\/td>4,000+<\/td>H\u01a1n 54 n\u0103m<\/td>95%<\/td><\/tr>
50%<\/td>7.000\u201310.000<\/td>3.500\u20134.500<\/td>19\u201327 tu\u1ed5i<\/td>88%<\/td><\/tr>
80%<\/td>4.000\u20136.000<\/td>3.200\u20134.800<\/td>10\u201315 n\u0103m<\/td>82%<\/td><\/tr>
90%<\/td>2.500\u20134.000<\/td>2.250\u20133.600<\/td>7\u201310 n\u0103m<\/td>78%<\/td><\/tr>
100%<\/td>1.500\u20132.500<\/td>1.500\u20132.500<\/td>4\u20136 tu\u1ed5i<\/td>75%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n trong ng\u00e0nh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n TURSAN DoD v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp<\/em><\/a><\/a><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t DoD<\/h3>\n\n\n\n